[Review]Routledge Library Editions: Philosophy of Education (4)

 Respecting Each Child as an Individual of Equal Worth

“Mixed ability teaching takes place when a teacher tries to regulate his treatment of individual differences by the principle of equality. (Elliott, 1976, p. 4)”(17)

A disadvantage of mixed ability grouping is that teachers are unable to effectively meet the needs of each student. However, mixed ability grouping requires appropriate ‘coordination’ by teachers. This is because this educational method aims to provide equality of opportunity to all students.


Consideration of Equality of Opportunity

All humans have human rights, both innate and acquired. An equal society does not end only with metaphysical discussions. Charles Darwin wrote to colonial administrators and missionaries around the world asking whether native peoples of Africa and other regions blushed with shame, initiating the first systematic study of their cultures. The results of this anthropological study led those to assume that the shame response, which is an aspect of our conscientious moral sense, has a clear innate basis. This means that human moral conscience must have evolved, in a biological sense. Specifically, it means that in order to improve one's social and survival mode, one must create an equal society.(2012. 14-5)

“The Evolution of Moral Conscience”(created by GPT) The Interconnectedness of All Living Things.

“Reciprocal altruism” in Richard Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene is closely related to the evolution of moral conscience. Although living things appear to act selfishly to successfully pass on their genes, they are not necessarily acting selfishly. The action is also seen as altruistic. “Reciprocal altruism” is performed with the expectation that another entity will benefit from one's altruistic actions. “The evolution of moral conscience” can be seen as an internal mechanism that internalizes an individual's social norms and values ​​and regulates behavior, and in human society, which is a social animal, this can ultimately contribute to the survival and prosperity of the group. The evolution of moral conscience may have originated from the need for such cooperative behavior. 
Today's society suffers from ethnocentrism. If the goal of all studies is to provide freedom to individuals, then individuals other than myself can be demanded the same value. Equality, which means equal value, equality of opportunity, and freedom for all, also means liberation from ecúmeno. Interculturalism may be closely related to prehistory.


[Reference]

  • Routledge Library Editions: Philosophy of Education, 2017.
  • Christopher boehm, Moral Origins, Basic Books, New York, 2012.

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